A Smart Card is a plastic card the size of a credit card with an integrated circuit built into it.智能卡是壹個塑料卡與信用卡大小的集成電路建成. This integrated circuit may consist only of EEPROM in the case of a memory card, or it may also contain ROM, RAM and even a CPU.這可能是唯壹的集成電路EEPROM在這樣壹個記憶卡或者也可能含有光盤存儲器,甚至CPU的.
Most smart cards have been designed with the look and feel of a credit or debit card, but can function on at least three levels (credit - debit - personal information).大多數智能卡已與外觀設計的信用或借記卡但至少能在三個層次(信用借記個人資料). Smart cards include a microchip as the central processing unit, random access memory ( RAM ) and data storage of around 10MB.包括智能卡芯片作為中央處理器,隨機存取記憶體(RAM的)和數據存儲10mb左右.
A smart card is a mini-computer without the display screen and keyboard.智能卡是壹種微型計算機的鍵盤和屏幕. Smart cards contain a microchip with an integrated circuit capable of processing and storing thousands of bytes of electronic data.智能卡含有集成電路芯片的加工能力和電子數據存儲數千字節. Due to the portability and size of smart cards they are seen as the next generation of data exchange.由於大小的智能卡攜他們看作下壹代數據交換.
Smart cards contain an operating system just like personal computers.智能卡含有壹個個人電腦操作系統壹樣. Smart cards can store and process information and are fully interactive.智能卡可以儲存和處理信息,並充分互動. Advanced smart cards also contain a file structure with secret keys and encryption algorithms.先進的智能卡還包含壹個檔案加密算法和密鑰結構. Due to the encrypted file system, data can be stored in separated files with full security.由於加密文件系統,數據可存放在全部案卷失散安全.
Organizations are steadily migrating toward this technology.移民組織穩步朝著這壹技術. The days are numbered for a single mainframe used for computing every directive.氣數已盡了壹個用於電腦主機每指令. Today, the delegation of tasks is being transferred to small, but dedicated smart cards.今天,代表團的任務是轉小,但專用智能卡. Their usefulness may soon exceed that of the standard computer for a variety of applications due, in part, to their portability and ease of use.其效用可能很快超過了標準的各種計算機應用部分原因他們攜,好用.
The smart card is an electronic recording device.智能卡是壹個電子記錄裝置. Information in the microchip can instantaneously verify the cardholder's identity and any privileges to which the cardholder may be entitled.信息可以在瞬間晶片核實持卡人的身份和特權而持卡人可享有. Information such as withdrawals, sales, and bills can be processed immediately and if/when necessary; those records can be transmitted to a central computer for file updating.資料如取款、銷售、加工、帳單可立即如果/必要時;這些記錄可以傳送到中央計算機進行檔案更新.
Smart cards are secure, compact and intelligent data carriers.智能卡安全、緊湊、智能數據載體. Smart cards should be regarded as specialized computers capable of processing, storing and safeguarding thousands of bytes of data.智能卡應視為專門的計算機能夠處理、存儲和維護千字節的數據. Smart cards have electrical contacts and a thin metallic plate just above center line on one side of the card.智能卡有接觸和薄金屬板電氣上方中線壹側卡. Beneath this dime-sized plate is an integrated circuit (IC) chip containing a central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM) and non-volatile data storage.這下方毛型鋼板是集成電路芯片(集成電路)載有中央處理器(CPU的)隨機存取記憶體(RAM的)和非揮發性數據存儲. Data stored in the smart card's microchip can be accessed only through the chip operating system (COS), providing a high level of data security.數據儲存在智能卡的芯片可通過芯片操作系統(產地來源證)提供高水平的數據安全. This security takes the form of passwords allowing a user to access parts of the IC chip's memory or encryption/decryption measures which translate the bytes stored in memory into useful information.這種安全的方式來獲得用戶的密碼,允許部份IC晶片的記憶或加密/解密措施字節翻譯成有用的信息儲存在記憶中.
Smart cards typically hold 2,000 to 8,000 electronic bytes of data (the equivalent of several pages of data).智能電子卡通常舉行二千至8000字節的數據(相當於幾頁資料). Because those bytes can be electronically coded, the effective storage capacity of each card is significantly increased.因為這些字節可電子編碼,每卡有效蓄水量則大為增加. Magnetic-stripe cards, such as those issued by banks and credit card companies, lack the security of microchips but remain inexpensive due to their status as a single-purpose card.磁條紋卡,如銀行和信用卡發行公司但是缺乏安全依然廉價芯片由於其作為單壹用途卡. Smart cards can be a carrier of multiple records for multiple purposes.智能卡可傳送多種記錄多種用途. Once those purposes are maximized, the smart card is often viewed as superior and, ultimately, less expensive.壹旦這些目的是最大限度的智能卡往往被視為優勢,並最終便宜. The distributed processing possible with smart cards reduces the need for ever-larger mainframe computers and the expense of local and long-distance phone circuits required to maintain an on-line connection to a central computer.分布式處理智能卡可能需要降低日益大型電腦主機和犧牲當地和長途電話線路要維持壹個網上的中央電腦連接.
Smart cards are defined by the ISO 7816 standards.智能卡是指由國際標準化組織7816年的標準.
Smart Card Usage智能卡應用
The uses of smart cards are as versatile as any mini-computer.智能卡的用途有任何多才多藝迷妳電腦. At a hospital emergency room, for example, the card could identify the person's health-insurance carrier and transfer all necessary information from the microchip to an admittance sheet.到醫院急診室,例如卡能識別人的健康保險,並把所有必要的信息載體從晶片到納板. Tests, treatment, billing and prescriptions could be processed more quickly using the card.試驗,治療處方和帳單可以處理更迅速用卡. Major clinical findings could be added to the medical information section within the microchip.主要臨床表現可充實到醫療信息的晶片組.
In the U.S., smart cards are utilized in GSM mobile telephones, in DirecTV and EchoStar satellite receivers, and in the American Express Blue card.在美國,使用智能卡在GSM移動電話,並在科斯DIRECTV號衛星接收機美國運通卡和藍色.